Character: a fictionalrepresentation of a person
Characterization is the way writers develop characters and reveal those character's traits to readers. Elements of characterization: actions, reactions, physical appearance, speech, gesture, expressions and names.
Readers are told about characters by Narrator. Furthermore revealed in a character's thoughts and actions/through eyes and thoughts of other characters in the story.
Round characters are considered well developed, closely involved in and responsive to the action in the story. ex) Gregor from The Metamorphosis.
Flat characters are considered barely developed or stereotypical.
Dynamic characters grow and change in the course of a story, developing as they react to events and to other characters. ex) Gregor's sister from the Metamorphosis.
A Static character may face the same challenges a dynamic character might face but will remain essentially unchanged: a static character who was selfish and arrogant will remain it's same character regardless of the nature of the story's conflict. ex) The maid from the Metamorphosis.
Typically, most round characters are dynamic and most flat characters are static; however, on occasion, some round characters are also static.
A Foil is supporting character whose role in the story is to highlight a major character by presenting a contrast with him/her.
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